What is cryptocurrency and how it works

Cryptocurrency, also known as crypto, is a digital form of currency secured by cryptography, making it difficult to counterfeit or double-spend. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments, crypto operates on a decentralized system called a blockchain, eliminating the need for central authorities like banks.

Key features of cryptocurrency

Decentralized: No single entity controls the network, promoting transparency and resilience.

Secure: Cryptography and consensus mechanisms (e.g., Proof-of-Work or Proof-of-Stake) ensure transaction security and authenticity.

Immutable: Once recorded on the blockchain, transactions are permanent and tamper-proof.

Transparent: Anyone can access and verify transactions on the public blockchain.

Pseudonymous: User identities are obscured, offering privacy but not anonymity.

How cryptocurrency works

Transactions: Initiated like any online payment, but instead of banks, miners or validators verify them.

Verification: Miners/validators solve complex algorithms using computational power, earning rewards (e.g., newly minted crypto) for validating transactions.

Consensus: All participants agree on the validity of transactions, maintaining network integrity.

Ledger: Records of all transactions are stored on a distributed ledger called the blockchain, accessible to everyone.

Types of cryptocurrency

Bitcoin: The first and most well-known, with a limited supply and focus on store-of-value.

Ethereum: Enables a wider range of applications through smart contracts, expanding use cases beyond just currency.

Stablecoins: Designed to peg their value to real-world assets like the US dollar, aiming for price stability.

Altcoins: Alternative cryptocurrencies offering different features and functionalities compared to Bitcoin.

Important considerations

Volatility: Crypto prices can fluctuate significantly, posing risks for investors.

Regulation: The regulatory landscape for crypto is still evolving, creating uncertainties.

Security: Scams and hacks exist, requiring careful research and security measures.